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April 22nd, 2012
by Eve Kaplan, CFP(R) Practitioner
How do you decide if it makes sense to leave a job and become a stay-at-home parent? As a financial planner, I approach this topic strictly from the financial standpoint – I’m NOT saying it’s better be a stay-at-home Mom and I’m NOT saying it’s better to use child care and go to work.
For the record, I’ve been both a stay-at-home Mom and a working parent. Any parent will tell you being a stay-at-home IS a job – it’s just not a paid job.
What prompts me to look at this topic is a recent CNN Money article (4/18/12) titled “Moms: “I can’t afford to work.”
The article catalogues the rising cost of child care that eats into – or even exceeds – the take-home pay of working parents (in this case, a working mother). The Bureau of Statistics data underscore some of the underlying issues for stay-at-home Moms:
a) Although women exceed men in terms of educational attainment, their average income is $35,776/year.
b) $35,776/year is nearly 20% less than the average income earned by men.
Rising child care expenses present a heavy drag on family finances, but the CNN Money article overly simplifies the
decision one mother made (a Mrs. Hwang) because it merely compares the cost of child care for her children vs. the after-tax income she could otherwise earn. Clearly there are many ways to value of a job — and after-tax pay is only one of them.
Mrs. Hwang is a good stand-in for any stay-at-home parent. She related to CNN that her public school teacher salary
was $30,000/year after tax. She has 2 children and the cost of care for them is a relatively “modest” $18,000/year (the article notes she lives in Virginia, which has some of the lowest child care expenses in the nation). Mrs. Hwang felt it wasn’t worth it to continue work, although her husband can’t earn enough for them to live comfortably.
For the sake of argument, let’s say her child care expenses total $30,000 per year – the same as her after-tax take-home salary. And let’s assume Mrs. Hwang elects not to return to work, even after her children leave for college. On that basis, let’s compare ALL
components of her income to make a fair analysis of the “cost” of being a stay-at-home Mom – not just a flat comparison of a) child care costs vs b) after-tax salary:
1) As a public school teacher, each year of teaching accrues toward a retirement pension that pays Mrs. Hwang from retirement to the end of her life. Let’s assume her pension does not inflate once retirement commences (this is ine line with Gov Christie’s decision to freeze teacher and administrator pensions for decades to come). If Mrs. Hwang is 38 and chose to work to age 65+, she can accrue a lifetime pension that I calculate pays her at least $40,000/year (after tax) from 2039 (age 65) to the end of her life. This is a conservativeestimate based upon projected income levels and pension accrual. The value of this estimated
pension from age 65 to age 92 is $1,080,000 in 2039 dollars, or $554,000 in 2012 dollars.
2) Mrs. Hwang’s future social security payments would be higher if she continues to work since income generation drives projected social security benefits. After consulting with a number of specialists, potential “game changers” in social security render
calculations too tentative. However, one projection I ran indicated Mrs. Hwang could receive approx. $18,600 per year in retirement (agg 67 to the end of life) if she works, but only half that amount per year if she remains a stay-at-home parent (note: this does not include some build up in credits for work done from e.g. age 30-38). Since social security works like an inflating
fixed annuity, missed dollars obviously have an impact on Mrs. Hwang’s cash flow through her projected 25+ years of retirement.
3) Mrs. Hwang’s presumably has medical coverage through her husband’s job. It’s possible, however, that medical coverage through school would cost significantly less – possibly $6,000/year less (2012 dollars). Again, I use public schools teachers in NJ as an example since teachers here still benefit from generous subsidies for medical coverage.
4) Mrs. Hwang will miss access to a tax-deferred 403b savings plan through work. It’s not likely she has a match for her deferred savings, however, and it IS possible she could defer $5,000 per year in a spousal IRA, so the cost/benefit calculation here is a wash.
5) Mrs. Hwang will forego e.g. 1x salary life insurance available through work by staying at home. If she’s in good health, that benefit is worth at least $100/year.
6) Since Mrs. Hwang is a school teacher who presumably does not work in the summer, it’s possible her child care costs
may be less than a working parent who has the standard 2-3 weeks of vacation/year.
What is the effective value of work benefits Mrs. Hwang is giving up, apart from her income? In current 2012 dollars, it easily exceeds $700,000 over her lifetime. It’s possible the value Mrs. Hwang and her family assign to staying home with her children is “priceless,” but it’s also possible the Hwangs aren’t aware of the long-term cost of her decision to leave work. Either
way, the “cost”calculation of leaving work must include many benefits that aren’t immediately apparent when looking at take-home pay alone and comparing it with child care costs. Of course we haven’t discussed working parents who
work awhile, stop to raise children, and return to work thereafter. And we’re not addressing the benefits of staying “current” in a competitive work landscape. Like other decisions, there are both emotional and financial costs and benefits.
What’s the right answer for you and your family? I posit that a financial advisor provides meaningful input by running numbers to calculate the effective cost (or savings) if you decide to become a stay-at-home parent or if you’re thinking about returning to work.
At the very least, the cost/savings equation needs to include many more elements than just a flat comparison of “child care costs” vs. “take-home salary.” A good advisor can help you make a more informed decisions so you and your family avoid outliving your assets.
Copyright (C) 2012 by Eve Kaplan
Tags: cost/benefit of working, financial planning for women, stay-at-home dads, stay-at-home moms, stay-at-home parents
Posted in Fee-Only Financial Planning, Financial Planning, Financial Planning for Women, Retirement Planning | No Comments »
April 9th, 2012
A financial plan is like a long-distance car trip. But with couples, more than one person is behind the wheel. They don’t always agree on what course to follow.
That is no reason to put off making a plan. If there is no plan, they risk frustration and failure to fulfill dreams. There is no worse sentiment than regret. The question is: What kind of future do you really want for yourself and the people in your life that are most important to you?
An April 9 Wall Street Journal article (“He Wants to Retire…but She Doesn’t”), cites a study by Fidelity Investments to highlight the problems of making a plan. Couples disagree on when to retire (62%), whether to keep working in retirement (47%) and on lifestyle expectations (33%).
A plan enables a couple to evaluate the costs of various wish lists and select strategies that satisfy both husbands and wives. A neutral party, their financial advisor, provides the forum for an open and non-judgmental discussion, then weighs in with numbers to aid the decision making.
Like a car trip, your financial life is a journey that needs to be navigated carefully. After a financial advisor checks your entire car to make sure it will withstand the journey, the advisor creates a GPS system for you to help you stay on track.
Here’s a specific example, gleaned from hundreds of clients I’ve worked with from my office in New Jersey. Judy and Bill are in their late 50s, have grown children and are looking to retire in the next 10 years. They’ve never worked with a financial advisor before. They disagree on retirement expectations. When they visit me, we have an open discussion.
Bill dislikes his job and wants to retire “yesterday.” He’s willing to work to age 63, but wants to winter in a warmer climate. Judy enjoys work and wants to continue her current job into her late 60s, assuming her health and employer permit it. After retirement, she may consider spending part of a year in a warmer climate if it makes financial sense. Judy and Bill agree on other goals – such as the amount of money they’d like to spend on their daughter’s wedding, their annual travel budget and the need for long-term care insurance.
Can they afford to allow Bill to retire at 63, and to purchase a place in a warm climate? Or does it make sense to rent? How do they negotiate emotionally and financially negotiate staying in New Jersey if Judy wants to retire after Bill?
A good financial plan creates decision trees that show Judy and Bill that some preferences, such as buying a condo in a warm place now, probably aren’t financially prudent. A plan also helps Judy and Bill avoid costly decisions they may regret later. For example, how should Bill structure his pension payout to make sure Judy receives something if he dies prematurely? Should they consider long-term care insurance? If so, what is the best kind? What kind of estate planning should they do?
A good financial plan will bend to Judy and Bill’s wishes, but guide them toward choices that have the best possible financial outcome. Their destination on their financial road map is making it to the end, comfortably, with money to spare.
My role is to give them the best road trip instructions possible, consider the right fuel (restructure their investments), offer estate planning advice, minimize taxes and consider insurance alternatives. I do this by consulting trusted professionals I work with, like an insurance agent.
In the end, it’s all about making sure you design a trip that makes sense – and gets you safely to your destination.
Copyright © 2012 by Eve Kaplan
Tags: couples and planning, fee only financial planning, financial advice, seeking financial advice, the role of a financial planner
Posted in Fee-Only Financial Planning, Financial Planning, Retirement Planning | No Comments »
March 7th, 2012
Who gives you financial advice? Why does it matter how he or she is paid? Because it’s probably the most important thing determining the quality of advice you receive.
The SEC and other agencies continue to debate the hotly contended “fiduciary responsibility” issue because billions of dollars are at stake, while the public is confused and underserved.
Can you answer these questions?
• What are the differences amongst brokers, insurance agents selling investment products and “financial advisors” (some regulated, some not)?
• What’s the difference between “fee-only” and “fee-based”? (hint: they sound alike but they’re quite different)..
Here’s a brief guide to help untangle these concepts:
1. Brokers and insurance agents:
Brokers and insurance agents can and do sell financial products (A, B and C mutual funds, annuities, variable life insurance, annuities). Their standard of fiduciary care is a “suitability” standard. This lower standard of care means they can benefit more from product sales than the client - as long as their products are very broadly considered to be “suitable,” they’re OK to sell.
2. Advisors and financial planners:
This term is confusingly broad – some advisors have no designation, while others can be a CFA, CFP®, ChFC® and/or CPA/PFS. These designations are the ones most acknowledged in the financials industry – they all require study, passage of exams and adherence to standards of oversight. For the purposes of this discussion about compensation, I’ll focus on financial advisors who interact with the general public and who either:
a) Sell products or
b) Don’t sell products
Advisors who sell products can hold any of the above- mentioned designations. They can include fee-based advisors; although they sound like fee-only advisors, “fee-based” advisors DO sell products. Fee-based compensation is popular because advisors can earn compensation from fees paid directly by clients PLUS fees theyr receive in the form of commissions or discounts from products they’re licensed to sell. They are not required to inform their clients in detail how their compensation is accrued. The Fee-Based model creates many potential conflicts of interest, because the advisor’s income is affected by the financial products that the client selects.
Fee-Only advisors, by contrast, do NOT sell any financial products. If their clients need products (e.g. insurance), they work with professionals they trust but there is no fee-splitting or other inducement involved in the sale of products. Fee-Only advisors typically charge a % of investments they manage and/or charge in some other way for their time (hourly, retainer, etc). Conflicts of interest are kept to a minimum with this kind of fee structure.
Conclusion: the Critical Issue of Fiduciary Standards
An advisor held to a Fiduciary Standard occupies a position of special trust and confidence when working with clients because he/she is required to act with undivided loyalty to the client. This includes disclosure of how the financial advisor is to be compensated and any corresponding conflicts of interest.
If your advisor DOES sell products, it’s hard to know if your needs are deemed more important than his/her needs to earn commission. Is it really better for you to buy a mutual fund with a 5.75% front-end load (commission) from your broker, than a mutual fund with no up-front commission? Are you getting sufficient services from this broker to compensate for fees you may not even be aware you’re paying because they’re automatically deducted at the point of sale? Is it really better for you to tie up your money in an annuity that charges 3-4% per year vs. putting your money into mutual funds that cost 1/10 that amount? Time and again studies show that clients can be poorly served when product sales commingle with investment management and/or financial planning.
Here’s a common example I see in my practice – I’ll meet a prospective client who has multiple variable annuities. I’m told the advisor wants this client to terminate his 401(k) plan and convert his account to yet another annuity. Or I’m told an advisor wants to convert one annuity to another annuity so he/she can earn a fresh commission. 99% of the time I can see these annuities were NOT helpful to the client, who typically is unclear about the carrying costs and isn’t even sure why he has all of these annuities. What IS clear is that each agent earned a generous commission selling them. Suze Orman has railed against them (google her on YouTube and listen to her advice to folks to stay away from variable annuities).
A better way to receive investment advice, management and financial planning is to work with professionals who are required to put YOUR needs before THEIR needs. These individuals adhere to the highest standard of Fiduciary can and do NOT combine product sales with advice-giving. The best examples are Fee-Only financial advisors and CPA/PFS individuals who clearly indicate they are Fee-Only.
Yes, Virginia – it really does matter how your advisor is paid.
Here’s an example of the kind of Fiduciary Oath your advisor should adhere to (see www.napfa.org):
The advisor shall exercise his/her best efforts to act in good faith and in the best interests of the client. The advisor shall provide written disclosure to the client prior to the engagement of the advisor, and thereafter throughout the term of the engagement, of any conflicts of interest, which will or reasonably may compromise the impartiality or independence of the advisor.
The advisor, or any party in which the advisor has a financial interest, does not receive any compensation or other remuneration that is contingent on any client’s purchase or sale of a financial product. The advisor does not receive a fee or other compensation from another party based on the referral of a client or the client’s business.
WHO IS A FIDUCIARY?
Type of Professional Are They A Fiduciary?
Lawyers Yes
Physicians Yes
CPAs Yes
Stock Broker No
Insurance Agent No
Registered Representative No
CFP Practitioner Maybe*
Financial Planner Maybe*
NAFPA-Registered Financial Advisor Yes
*Advisors who are affiliated with a broker dealer firm are most likely not fiduciaries. If the client signs an NASD binding arbitration agreement – required by almost every broker dealer firm – then their advisor would not be held to a Fiduciary Standard by the NASD. CFP Practitioners and Financial Planners will be held to a Fiduciary Standard only if they are also registered investment advisors or associated with a registered investment advisor.
“Can a registered rep and investment advisor rep wear two hats at one time? Can they remove the fiduciary hat once it’s assumed?” asked Thomas Orecchio, NAPFA’s chairman and a longtime advisor based in New Jersey. “Under the current situation, the answer is yes. But the consumer doesn’t know when you’re behaving as an advisor or rep. We believe the advisor can’t take off the advisor hat once it is put on. We think that your fiduciary responsibilities refer to the relationship you create with a client, not any one account or transaction.”
But the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) doesn’t agree, saying that reps are investment advisors “solely with respect to certain accounts.” In fact, the NAPFA press conference was held as the SEC advances a controversial proposal pundits say is an end-run around the agency’s loss on the same issue in federal court earlier this year. The SEC lost its push to carve broad exemptions for brokers who were offering “advisory” accounts without registering as advisors.
Now the SEC is attempting to create “special rules” that would once again give brokers exemptions, provided they do not exert discretion over accounts or charge separately for advice. The SEC makes clear, brokers won’t have to register as advisors just because their firm offers full-priced and discount brokerage accounts and fee schedules. At the same time the agency is attempting to clarify limited responsibility for those brokers who do register as investment advisor reps, saying, “A registered broker-dealer is an investment advisor solely with respect to certain accounts.” Both NAPFA and the Financial Planning Association (FPA) filed letters in November criticizing the SEC’s attempted carve outs for brokers.
To illustrate the harm NAPFA believes dually registered advisors can do, the group handed out a narrative story about “Bud,” the dual registrant, and “Mrs. Grant,” who hires him for a financial plan. In the NAPFA story, Bud prepares Mrs. Grant’s plan, but then takes off his advisor hat to sell her a variable annuity and some of his firm’s proprietary funds. “How does this fit in with my plan? Are you still my financial advisor?” Mrs. Grant asks. To which Bud replies: “This fits in just fine. Just trust me. I’ll take care of you.”
“The bottom line is that we’re looking for the fiduciary rule to be applied throughout a relationship with a customer, not be taken on and off like a hat,” said Diahann W. Lassus, chair of NAPFA’s Industry Issues Committee and a veteran advisor in New Jersey. Without fiduciary standards, brokers don’t have to put clients’ interests first, disclose conflicts of interest or charge reasonable fees, NAPFA officials say. “It’s fair to assume as much as 40% of total returns offered by the capital market are being consumed by brokers and other financial intermediaries,” Lassus says.
–Tracey Longo
Copyright © 2012 by Eve Kaplan
Tags: fee-only financial planning, fiduciary standards, objective advice, suitability standard
Posted in Fee-Only Financial Planning, Financial Planning | No Comments »
January 15th, 2012
Do your New Year’s Resolutions include “losing weight” and “getting more exercise”? Do they also include “better financial health?” They should! Getting a handle on financial health can be challenging, however.. Here are 2 things to consider:
1. Join my free January workshop to review steps toward financial health. This workshop will be held on Wednesday, January 25 at 7:30 pm at the Berkeley Heights Public Library.
2. Decide if you can get through these “financial health” steps on your own (a minority of folks) or if you need professional support.
Most folks can’t necessarily diagnose and treat their own medical conditions – and the same applies to financial planning.
Here’s an outline of the 12 Step Approach to Financial Health in 2012:
Step 1 (January): “Paper Chase”
• Create neat, organized files for your insurance, estate planning documents (if you have them), investments (after-tax and tax-deferred), etc.
Step 2 (February): “Location, Location, Location”
• Consolidate your brokerage accounts (12 is not better than 2).
• Consolidate investment accounts by identifying overlapping/redundant investments. I’ll review some resources (e.g. www.morningstar.com) to help in this area.
Step 3 (March): “Follow the Money”
• Add up all monthly or annual income sources (earned income, Social Security/pensions, other income), then deduct all expenses
• Are you in the Red? Black? Did you include mandatory savings if you’re not yet retired?
Step 4 (April): “Outliving Assets?”
• Add up your assets (property, investments, collectibles)
• Add up your current and future liabilities (mortgages, credit card debt, future obligations [e.g. college, possible support to other family members])
• Do you know if your net worth is sufficient to generate decades of retirement?
Step 5 (May): “Be Credit-Worthy”
• Track your annual credit score
• Consolidate and pay down CC debt in a way that makes sense
Step 6 (June): “Be Tax Savvy”
• Minimize taxes on investments by holding more of some investments in tax-deferred accounts (e.g. real estate, some bonds, commodities)
• Tax harvest before each year end to offset investment gains
Step 7 (July): “Insurance Wrap-Up”
• Do you have the best policies (life, disability, long-term care)to cover what you need – but don’t cost an arm and a leg?
• Is your family adequately protected from the risk of your unexpected illness or death?
Step 8 (August): “Sound Retirement Investing”
• Understand and utilize your employer retirement plan
• Roll up and consolidate plans from old employers
• How to utilize your retirement plans before and during retirement
Step 9 (September): “Investment Smarts”
• Know the A, B and Cs of mutual fund investing (different types of commissions)
• Retain more of your hard-earned money by paying a broker less (no more A, B and C charges!)
• Understand simply portfolio diversification techniques
Step 10 (October): “Estate Planning”
• What are the essential estate documents you need?
• How often should your estate documents be revised?
Step 11 (November): “Reality Check List”
• Has your financial health improved by taking these steps? Or did you fall off the wagon half-way through?
Step 12 (December): “Putting It All Together”
• Match realistic expectations with results
• Can you go it alone or do you need professional help? How do you find the right advisor for you?
Realistically, the majority of people cannot execute these steps alone. Review this list and see if you fall into that majority group. If you do, consider work with a Fee-Only (no products sold) advisor who will guide you through these steps in an objective manner that doesn’t mix advice with product sales. The right Fee-Only planner will access the situation, provide solutions to close planning gaps and hold you accountable to execute necessary changes.
Copyright © 2012 by Eve Kaplan
Tags: budgeting, cash flow, estate planning, insurance, retirement planning
Posted in Fee-Only Financial Planning, Fiduciary Standards in Financial Planning, Financial Planning, Investments, Retirement Planning | No Comments »
December 13th, 2011
How much money can you safely withdraw from your investments once you retire?
This is a subject of wide debate in the financial planning world as our country’s 78 million baby boomers start turning 65 this year. This “withdrawal rate” simply refers to how much you can tap from your investment assets to avoid running out of money before you die. The approach is designed to allow you to withdraw money each year while leaving your principal intact.
For example, if you start with $1,000,000 at retirement and withdraw 4% per year ($40,000), you skim a $40,000 annual gain off the top of your $1 million investment portfolio and always have the $1,000,000 principal until the end of your life. This implies the $1 million keeps growing by 4.2% each year (you need more than a 4% increase to return to $1 million).
Being able to live off interest while retaining your $1 million principal is valuable even if the purchasing power of your principal declines each year with inflation. In other words, your $1 million initial retirement account might only be worth the equivalent of $300,000 after 30 years, but having the equivalent of $300,000 is still a great financial cushion to help keep you from running out of money.
Unfortunately, we don’t live in the predictable world that facilitates an automatic 4% withdrawal rate because markets move up and down, tax rates change, your financial needs change and investments sometimes disappoint. You no longer can simply set the dial at e.g. “4% withdrawal per year” and be assured you won’t run out of money in 30 years.
Here are some things to consider, based upon recent research:
1. People are living longer and longer. It’s not overkill to assume you easily can live another 30 years if you retire at age 65.
2. You can’t control where markets will land the year you retire and begin tapping your investment nest egg. If you had a few bad years before you turn 65, you might start retirement with $900,000 instead of the $1 million you intended. How much you have at retirement also depends upon your portfolio mix in the years leading up to retirement. You should consult with a financial planner or investment specialist to determine your optimal mix.
3. Once you retire, you need to adjust your withdrawal rate “as you go” – depending upon how markets did the previous 3 years. The Wall Street Journal refers to this strategy as “the accordian strategy.” If the market hits a bear market bottom (note: this may not always be obvious), you trim your withdrawal amount by 25% for the coming 3 years. Michael Kitces, a planning strategist, recommends tracking the S&P 500 P/E (price earnings ratio) to determine if the market is overvalued, fairly valued or undervalued. On that basis, he increases or decreases recommended withdrawal rates within a 4.5% to 5.5% range. This approach has been effective in recent years when tested with a 60% stocks, 40% bonds portfolio.
4. Some specialists recommend an even lower withdrawal rate (as low as 2.5% for a moderately conservative 40% stocks/60% bonds portfolio). This means you withdraw $25,000 per year (2.5%) instead of $40,000 per year (4%). Of course we’re talking about pre-tax amounts.
5. One strategy at retirement is to set aside 3 years of cash reserves (what you otherwise would draw from your investments) so you always can suspend your annual withdrawals from your $1 million if markets hit the skids.
We haven’t discussed the fact that you need to pay taxes on what you withdraw (ordinary income tax rates if it comes from an IRA, or capital gains tax if funds come from an after-tax account). You may need significant other sources of income (social security, pensions, savings) to fund retirement. And then there’s the corrosive power of inflation; you need to withdraw more and more each year in order to keep pace with purchasing power. Finally, our example of $1 million doesn’t go very far toward covering retirement in more expensive parts of the country – you may need multiples of $1 million in addition to social security and a pension (if you’re lucky enough to have one).
As you can see, determining your ideal withdrawal rate is no trivial matter. If you’re calculations indicate you may be coming up “short,” alternatives include retiring later, adjusting your portfolio over time or spending less in retirement. It’s best to seek professional advice if you have doubts or concerns!
Copyright © 2011 by Eve Kaplan
Tags: withdrawal rates in retirement
Posted in Financial Planning, Investing, Investments, Retirement Planning | No Comments »
October 20th, 2011
What are some of your earliest memories about money? Did your parents agree about money when you were growing up? Do you and your spouse make financial decisions together? Or apart? Do you view money differently? Have you ever discussed these things with a financial planner or advisor??
We financial planners wear many hats – problem solver, prudent investment manager, enlightened advisor (helping our clients avoid the risk of outliving their assets), etc. In addition, another hat I wear in my financial planning practice is – for lack of a better word — “money therapist.”
I’m not a licensed therapist, but emotions and money often are tied to each other. If there is discord, misunderstanding or distrust in a relationship, this can show up in financial matters. In meetings with clients, I try to listen well (and talk less). And I’m attentive to both husbands and wives (regardless of who the financial decision-maker is in a relationship). Have you ever met a professional who only looked at you, but ignored your wife or husband through the entire meeting? It’s important to provide a non-judgmental space for both you and your spouse to speak – even if you don’t agree on some issues.
Here’s why this can matter to you:
• money problems/differences is one of the biggest triggers for divorce; money is power
• if you’re emotionally invested in your plan, you’re more motivated to implement it and achieve financial success
• in my experience, women and men often behave differently toward money/financial decisions – it’s helpful to you if your planner reaches out to both the “yin” and “yang.”
• at least half of financial planning clients are women, but only ¼ of Certified Financial Planners® are female
Studies show that women seek out financial advice more than men, while men often view financial planning in more dispassionate terms. Men tend to be more confident about making financial decisions on their own. Drawing on both of these typical gender-linked traits can be a positive for the experience.
How does all of this play out in an initial meeting with clients. In my case, I guide them through a discovery process that gives them time to speak (without interruption from the other spouse) about what’s important to them about money. Often a wife or husband will relay something that prompts the other to say something like “I never knew that about you” or “I’m surprised to hear that – I really had no idea you felt that way.”
When I grew up in the 1960s, financial planning didn’t exist. My family was under stress due to discord over lack of money and problems with a struggling business my father started. My parents eventually got divorced after a prolonged period of financial hell. It’s possible divorce could have been averted if my parents had access to objective financial advice…
A Money Magazine survey indicates that “71% of Americans admit that they keep secrets or lie to spouses and significant others about their money.” If you’re married, you know how intertwined money is in your relationship. Work with a financial planner who can help you sort through issues that help unite you and your spouse, instead of dividing you further.
Copyright © 2011 by Eve Kaplan
Tags: financial planning, marriage and money, men and money, women and money
Posted in Fee-Only Financial Planning, Financial Planning, Financial Planning for Women, Uncategorized | No Comments »
September 27th, 2011
Are you Retirement-Ready? Take These 3 Critical Steps
By Eve Kaplan, CFP® Practitioner
Like everything else in life, retirement can creep up on you – whether you’re prepared for it or not. It’s wonderful to contemplate what you can do with all that extra free time, how to stay healthy, etc…..but many of you put off the “roll up your sleeves, look at the numbers” part of retirement. Why? You either underestimate how much you need, you don’t know how to calculate it and/or you fail to go to a financial planner for help. Finally, some of you stick your heads in the sand, hoping problems will go away. Establishing your preparedness for retirement is critical since you don’t want to outlive your assets. So far I haven’t met anyone who wants to rely on friends and family for a bail out!
How acute is the lack of retirement preparedness? Very. A recent survey by HRconsulting firm Aon Hewitt says 4 out of 5 Americans are not adequately prepared to meet their needs in retirement. The average worker needs 11x his/her final pay in retirement to meet retirement needs (note: this includes social security). Unfortunately, the average pre-retiree socking away money in defined contribution plans (e.g. 401(k) or 403(b) plans) has far less. Recent market volatility is increasing this gap. Another worrisome trend is the rising number of pre-retirees who have suspended 401(k) contributions and/or no longer receive an employer match.
Esssentially, there’s a mismatch between 1) sources of income and 2) how much folks need in retirement. The resulting gap is the problem. Let’s take a simple look at each area:
Step 1 -Sources of Income: A simple retirement planning is the 3-legged stool. The 3-legged stool refers to the 3 major sources of retirement income: 1) your regular savings 2) your pension (if you have one) – or your 401(k) & other tax-deferred savings plan and 3) social security. You have control over all 3 areas – including how much social security you receive!
1) How much do you save in after-tax and tax-deferred accounts? Is it the right amount and allocation, given your risk tolerance, savings amounts and investment targets?
2) Do you plan on taking social security at age 70 (recommended) or will you settle for a much lower annual amount if you rush to take benefits at 62 or 65/66?
Finally – are you planning on retiring at age 60? 65? 70? Phase retirement in steps, if you can? If you end up living to 95 (a growing possibility), will you have enough money coming in each month?
Step 2 – How Much You Need in Retirement: Here’s the other side of the ledger – the amount you need each month or year in retirement, including covering rising medical expenses.
1) Are your financial goals realistic – given your 3-legged stool? Goals include living expenses, car purchases, travel, insurance and medical.
2) Can you scale back some of these areas – if needed – to close the gap with your 3-legged stool sources of income?
Outdated financial planning conventional wisdom said folks spent 20% less in retirement. The new, harsh reality is that folks spend up to 120% or more vs. pre-retirement expenses – in part due to rising medical.
Here are the 3 critical steps to eliminate the gap between income and expenses:
- Retire later
- Save more
- Seek professional help (including help with your investments)
We’ll discuss aspects of these 3 critical steps in greater detail in our next blog!
Copyright © 2011 by Eve Kaplan
Tags: 3-legged stool, financial planning for retirement, outliving your assets, retirement planning
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July 9th, 2011
By Eve Kaplan, CFP®
If you ask people what their biggest financial asset is, they invariably reply “my home” or “my investments.” That’s true in dollar terms, but how about a huge asset most folks don’t think about? I’m referring to their “work potential” or “work value.”
Your biggest asset – your “work value” — is the cornerstone of any financial plan drawn up for pre-retirees. We financial planners create various scenarios for our pre-retirement clients that include investment projections, annual savings rates, the cost of various goals, etc. We recommend the optimal time to retire and counsel our clients not to retire too soon. After all – our goal is to reduce the risk of our clients outliving their assets.
So it comes as no surprise that one of the biggest body blows to a financial plan – apart from unexpected death or divorce – is “sudden retirement.” According to one study, a whopping 41% of retirees stopped working sooner than they planned to. Sudden retirement throws a monkey wrench into financial plans and needs to be dealt with immediately.
“Sudden” or “unwanted” retirement can occur for a number of reasons. The biggest reason is NOT work-related downsizing/elimination of a position (that’s the reason 37% of the time) – it’s actually poor health (54%) and the need to care for a spouse or family member (19%).
What can we financial planners do to help our clients who become “sudden retirees” or who face the risk of “sudden retirement”? Here are some key issues to consider:
1. If you have a financial plan already, your numbers can be adjusted to show the impact of “sudden retirement,” if it occurs. If you lost your job recently, a “sudden retirement” assessment is vital.
2. If you haven’t suffered a “sudden retirement,” have your planner consider the consequences if this did occur in the future. Having alternative scenarios in your financial plan gives your planner some flexibility regarding ways to shore up your financial plan if this occurs.
3. We recommend clients invest in a professional assessment of skills/interests to uncover other potential career paths. This is critical for “sudden retirees” who lost jobs due to downsizing/elimination of a position. If you’ve lost your job due to health, or the need to care for a spouse/family member, consider any measures you can take to avoid becoming a “sudden retiree” for life.
Your biggest asset may be yourself, but it sometimes takes a professional to match your abilities with a job you otherwise may have overlooked. Having a second career can help people bridge the gap between their retirement savings and the prospect of living into their 90s. Truthfully, many or most folks do not expect to live that long and forget their retirement may stretch 30+ years.
I was reading recently about “media leafcutter ants” (Atta cephalotes) in Panama. Like other ants, colony members have different physical attributes and “jobs for life” to better serve the colony. Foragers, for example, have razor sharp mandibles capable of slicing leaves into small disks so they can be carried back to the nest. Over time, repetitive leaf slicing blunts these mandibles – until foragers no longer can do their job well. Instead of ending their careers, foragers shift their role to gathering up sliced leaf parts and carrying them back to the nest.
People are infinitely adaptable and still can contribute toward society (and earn money) if “sudden retirement” occurs. Sometimes it takes the work of a financial planner to help pre-retirees recognize their financial plan depends upon returning to work – possibly in another capacity.
Copyright © 2011 by Eve Kaplan
Eve Kaplan is a Fee-Only Certified Financial Planner in Berkeley Heights. Kaplan Financial Advisors is a Registered Investment Advisor in New Jersey and New York. Her firm provides financial planning for individuals, and 401k/403b plans for companies. She can be reached at 908-898-0549 or www.kaplanfinancialadvisors.com.
Tags: career planning, retirement planning
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May 1st, 2011
By Eve Kaplan, CFP® Practitioner
There’s a growing body of research on the connection between brain wiring and financial decision-making. Formerly discrete academic areas (economics, psychology, physiology) are converging as experts explore what drives individual financial decision-making.
“The Secret Life of the Grown-Up Brain: The Surprising Talents of the Middle-Aged Mind” by Barbara Strauch (NY Times health and medicine correspondent) is one such book. Strauch already creates a feel-good element since she defines “middle-aged” as the 40s-60s age group. Strauch sets out to demonstrate all the improvements the “middle-aged brain” sports versus younger brains. True – brain processing speed slows a bit as we age, and it’s sometimes hard to retrieve a memory (e.g. a name) from the correct “memory drawer” in our minds. However, Strauch summarizes research showing how certain cognitive functions improve as the brain ages. The middle-aged brain tends to be more content (one of her chapters is called “I’m So Glad I’m Not Young Anymore”).
She goes so far as to say that in some categories that matter most, “our brains are functioning probably at their best in our new modern middle age.”
One example is problem-solving. The middle-aged brain can better grasp the gist of arguments, recognize categories and size up situations than the younger brain. The middle-aged brain also is better at making financial decisions (this skill actually reaches a peak in our 60s).
It’s encouraging to know that our brains are functioning at their optimal level at a time (their 60s) when many individuals are contemplating retirement. We financial planners assume our clients live to 95, so making smart decisions in your 60s means you may have another 30+ years to reap the benefit.
Another engaging book that touches on financial decision-making is “The Art of Choosing” by Sheena Iyengar. Iyengar picks up on the theme of “excessive choice.” We’re now familiar with this argument from previous studies about the brain-taxing excess of consumer choices – be it jam, laundry detergent or anything else. With too many options, the brain can shut down and becomes paralyzed.
In terms of financial decision-making, the situation of excessive choice manifests itself by the thousands of sources of information: TV, newspapers, websites, magazines. Taking it all in is like trying to drink from a fire hose. The more one reads and hears, the more confusing it all seems.
Even if choices are controlled or reduced (e.g. a list of 14 mutual fund choices to invest in a 401k or 403b plan), the problems don’t go away. Decision paralysis can be reduced by automatic enrollment and dollar-cost averaging (the automatic deductions from pay checks that go toward retirement funding)…but it still remains a challenge to make optimal financial decisions. Even if there are “only” 12 mutual funds to invest in a retirement plan, there still are thousands of potential combinations one can create by investing in some or all of these funds (in previous months we’ve written about the virtues of pre-mixed, professionally managed portfolios in 401k and 403b plans).
There are a couple of messages here – individuals become better able to make financial decisions as they age. However, excessive choice (and poor or missing information about these choices – I may add) create confusion and can lead to paralysis. Avoid “doing nothing” with your financial life because you’re overwhelmed by choices on all sides.
Copyright © 2010 by Eve Kaplan
Eve Kaplan of Kaplan Financial Advisors, LLC is a Fee-Only (no products sold) Certified Financial Planner in Berkeley Heights. Kaplan Financial Advisors, LLC is a Registered Investment Advisor with wealth management and 401k plan design services. She can be reached at 908-898-0549 or www.KaplanFinancialAdvisors.com
Tags: aging and financial decision-making, mopney psychology
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February 1st, 2011
Overcoming the Force of “Inertia” (Countering the Tendency to Do Nothing)
By Eve Kaplan, CFP® Practitioner
Now that the glow of New Year’s Resolutions is fading, let’s look at one of the most powerful forces shaping human behavior: inertia. The dictionary defines inertia this way:
“The tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest. Resistance or disinclination to motion, action or change.”
Inertia occurs when people are too busy or too confused about where they should turn for financial advice. They may end up doing nothing. This isn’t a permanent solution since the State and other entities force a decision on individuals or families after death or when someone runs out of money.
Here are some examples of how “inertia” was solved (note: circumstances and identities have been changed):
1. John, age 62, owns a small business employing 8 people. His revenues exceed $3 million per year. John’s very absorbed in his work and is too busy to think about “financial stuff.” He has 3 adult children and a wife in poor health. John doesn’t know what his business is worth, hasn’t calculated his total net worth, doesn’t have succession plans for his business and hasn’t managed his investments in years (he’s not even sure what he’s invested in – he has a number of brokerage accounts here and there). If John passes away next week, the State of NJ will oversee the flow of assets to his ailing wife. One adult child has significant financial need but the other two do not. With John gone, his business will go into a tail spin, assets will be thrown into chaos and his adult children will begin to fight over the impending estate since they have unequal needs.
The Solution: A Certified Financial Planner develops a financial plan that draws upon a team of experts: insurance specialists, valuation specialists, estate attorneys and investment specialists. John now can structure his business in the most tax-efficient manner and channel assets to family members in a controlled manner. His investments are prudently managed and will provide for his own retirement needs. His plan precludes potentially damaging fights amongst family members when he passes on.
2. Janice. Janice’s husband, Bill, died 5 years ago. He managed the couple’s assets and handled all investment matters. Janice inherited several file cabinets full of information that she couldn’t make any sense of. Confused, she avoided them and focused on adjusting to life without Bill. Investment statements arrived each month, but she filed them away, unopened. Without realizing it, Janice’s net worth was declining and she was missing key areas (e.g. long term care insurance) that could enable her to outlive her assets.
The Solution: Janice consulted a Certified Financial Planner when she was contacted by the IRS regarding a previous tax return; she realized she didn’t know how to answer it. The financial planner waded through Janice’s paperwork, found the answer, assembled a comprehensive overview of Janice’s situation and created a plan to bolster her finances. Regular meetings allowed Janice to better understand her financial situation. She still makes no direct decisions but she has delegated these to a trusted financial advisor who has a Fiduciary obligation to put Janice’s needs first.
Both John and Janice benefited from consulting a Fee-Only (no products sold) Certified Financial Planner ™ Practitioner who didn’t mix advice with product sales. This advisor has a sworn Fiduciary obligation to put clients before his/her needs. The planner assembles a team of trusted experts to tailor solutions to each individual. If product sales are involved by a member of that team, the Certified Financial Planner doesn’t split fees or otherwise benefit from any products that solve a problem.
Copyright © 2010 by Eve Kaplan
Eve Kaplan is a Fee-Only Certified Financial Planner in Berkeley Heights. Kaplan Financial Advisors is a Registered Investment Advisor in New Jersey and New York. Her firm provides financial planning for individuals, and 401k/403b plans for companies. She can be reached at 908-898-0549 or www.kaplanfinancialadvisors.com.
Tags: financial planning, financial plans, inertia in financial planning
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Eve Kaplan, CFP®
